Chapter 13

1. The Decline of Church Authority

1. Pope Boniface VII issues Unam Sanctam

1. King Phillip the 4th arrests the Pope

1. Conflicts over Power

1. King Phillip did not think of pope with higher authority
2. Challenges from Monarchs
3. Pope stayed in Avignon for 70 years
4. In 1376 Pope Gregory the 11th is appointed pope and now church has 2popes
5. This split was called the Great Schism
6. Corruption within the Church
7. Council controlled the European Monarchs
8. Church collected a tax
9. Positions in council were given to people with highest bids on the jobs

1. The Call for Church Reform

1. People wanted to change church because of corruption
2. Challengers of the Church
3. People who disagreed with the church were burned at stake
4. Spiritual Movements5. Martin Luther changed the church

1. Martin Luther and the Reformation

1. Martin Luther was a priest and a professor at the All Saints Church

1. Johann Tetzel was Dominican monk
2. Martin Luther wrote papers on the corruption of the church
3. Luther wrote 95 theses to the church

1. Luther Questions the Church

1. Martin Luther was born on November 10 1483
2. A man of faith
3. Martin Luther became a monk in 1507
4. A new religion
5. Luther's theory was that the path to God is through faith alone
6. Luther turned to the Catholic churches belief of selling indulgences
7. Luther's theses caused many debates
8. These theses slowly caused the Reformation

1. The Reformation Begins

1. Luther wrote many more theses about church abuses
2. Pope Leo the 10th issued a bull which banned Luther's work
3. Charles the 5th the holy roman empire gave Luther 1 more chance to make his point
4. Empire declares that anyone could kill Luther without punishment
5. Luther and Frederick Wise make pretend kidnapping of Luther and he studies for a year
6. Luther separated Protestant churches from the Catholic church

1. Protestantism Spreads

1. Luther's ideas did change the church
2. The printing press was developed in 1450 and pamphlets were printed of Luther's work
3. European peasants joined Reformation Spread and revolt
4. Luther did not support the Peasant War
5. Luther's ideas became accepted by German princes
6. From 1546-1555 a war erupted between German and Catholic princes
7. In 1555 a compromise called the Peace of Augsburg which meant German princes got to pick what religion they would have in their city-state
8. In 1560 the Reformation was established in German city-states

1. Era of Reformation

1. This might happen in a Calvinist 1560

1. The church is colored brightly compared to a Catholic church
2. Is a comfortable church

1. Calvin and the Reformation

1. In early 1500s reform spread through Europe
2. In 1517 when Luther posted his 95 theses Ulrich Zwingli a Swiss priest reforms his city
3. John Calvin a Frenchman continues to spread Zwingli's ideas
4. Calvin believes in Predestination where god picks a group to save
5. Calvinism believed in being devoted to god and lead a disciplined life
6. Calvinism did not believe in anything except his or her spiritual link with god
7. Calvin died in 1564 but Calvinism had still spread to Scotland France and Bohemia
8. Protestantism gave women a bigger role in life
9. Women learned reading, arithmetic, writing, and religion

1. Other Protestant Movements

1. Anabaptists were followers of Calvinism but wanted stricter rules so they made Anabaptism
2. Catholics and Protestants opposed Anabaptists
3. In 1533 King Henry the 8th made the Church of England4. All of these groups were the same in the way that they wanted to change the church

1. The Catholic Church's Response

1. In 1400s priests tried to stop what corrupted church
2. Pope Paul the 3rd had a meeting on how to ban all coruptious things from church
3. Reacting to Protestants
4. Popes tried to spread Catholicism
5. Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain rid Spain of all Jews and Muslims
6. Church officials made an index of prohibited books by Calvinand Luther
7. The Counter Reformation did very little and many people spread to Protestantism and Calvinism

IV. Scientific Revolution

1. In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published his works on planetary motion

1. In 1543 on the day Copernicus died his book On the Revolution of Celestial Spheres was published
2. This book changed the way people thought of the world

1. New Visions of Natural World

1. Protestantism taught people that it was good to learn which lead to great scientific revolutions
2. Copernicus was 1 of the first scientists to question the universe
3. The Universe
4. Protestant and Catholics opposed Copernicus's ideas
5. The Human body
6. Vesalius and Copernicus questioned much of the natural world

1. Galileo and the Church

1. Galileo continued the work of Copernicus
2. Galileo found out that all things fall at same speed
3. In 1609 he made the first telescope
4. Galileo studies Venus to try to explain Copernicus's theory's
5. Catholic church opposed to Galileo's theories
6. Galileo was arrested and died in jail

1. The Scientific Method

1. Scientific Revolution was started by Vesalius, Copernicus, and Galileo
2. Francis Bacon
3. Francis Bacon's hypothesis's were experimented and proved correct
4. Bacon's ideas helped the revolution
5. Isaac Newton
6. Isaac was born in 1642 and was a great scientist